
The latter enable comparisons between countries and may be used to monitor progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4. The framework can be used to monitor learning at national and international levels. A framework that monitors learning outcomes can provide the basis of comprehensive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan for assessing how an education system performs over time. However, many countries have no systematic information on learning outcomes. Most countries keep records that focus on counting schools, students, resource inputs, and outputs in terms of examination results. The main purpose of any education system is to provide students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and values for effective participation in society.
